Submissions from 2020
Association of Length of Stay, Recovery Rate, and Therapy Time per Day With Functional Outcomes After Hip Fracture Surgery., Alison M. Cogan, Jennifer A. Weaver, Matt McHarg, Natalie E. Leland, Leslie Davidson, and Trudy Mallinson
Survivorship objectives in comprehensive cancer control plans: a systematic review., Michelle A. Mollica, Angela L. Falisi, Ann M. Geiger, Paul B. Jacobsen, Natasha Buchanan Lunsford, Mandi L. Pratt-Chapman, Julie S. Townsend, and Larissa Nekhlyudov
Improving health disparities in PA practices: A quality improvement initiative., Kim Zuber, Timothy C. McCall, Diane Bruessow, Patricia J. Devine, and Howard O. Straker
Submissions from 2019
First-in-Human Phase I Clinical Trial of Pharmacologic Ascorbate Combined with Radiation and Temozolomide for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma., Bryan G Allen, Kellie L. Bodeker, Mark C Smith, Varun Monga, Sonia Sandhu, Raymond Hohl, Thomas Carlisle, Heather Brown, Nancy Hollenbeck, Sandy Vollstedt, Jeremy D Greenlee, Matthew A Howard, Kranti A Mapuskar, Steven N Seyedin, Joseph M Caster, Karra A Jones, Joseph J Cullen, Daniel Berg, Brett A Wagner, Garry R Buettner, Mindi J TenNapel, Brian J Smith, Douglas R Spitz, and John M Buatti
The Emergence of Genomic Research in Africa and New Frameworks for Equity in Biomedical Research., Amy R Bentley, Shawneequa Callier, and Charles Rotimi
The Use of Racial Categories in Precision Medicine Research., Shawneequa L. Callier
Cardiologists' Perspectives on Race-Based Drug Labels and Prescribing Within the Context of Treating Heart Failure., Shawneequa L Callier, Brooke A Cunningham, Jill Powell, Mary Anne McDonald, and Charmaine D M Royal
3149 Embedding Implementation Science Within a Translational Health Sciences PhD: Educating Future Scientists to Bridge the Gap Between Research, Practice and Policy, Mary Corcoran, Paige McDonald, Philip van der Wees, Karen Schlumpf, and Jennifer Weaver
Development of a cardiac-centered frailty ontology., Kristina Doing-Harris, Bruce E Bray, Anne Thackeray, Rashmee U Shah, Yijun Shao, Yan Cheng, Qing Zeng-Treitler, Jennifer H Garvin, and Charlene Weir
Three common misconceptions about the FDA., Daniela Drago
Current state of biologic pharmacovigilance in the European Union: improvements are needed., Thomas Felix, John B Jordan, Catherine Akers, Bina Patel, and Daniela Drago
Does deferral for high-risk behaviors improve the safety of the blood supply?, Thelma T Gonçalez, Ester C Sabino, Zhanna Kaidarova, Anna Barbara F Carneiro-Proietti, Carolina Miranda, Paula Loureiro, Maria Esther Lopes, Cesar de Almeida-Neto, Karen S Schlumpf, David J Wright, Edward L Murphy, and Brian Custer
Using Smaller-Than-Standard Radiation Treatment Margins Does Not Change Survival Outcomes in Patients with High-Grade Gliomas., Kripa Guram, Mark Smith, Timothy Ginader, Kellie Bodeker, Darrin Pelland, Edward Pennington, and John M Buatti
Comparison of Functional Status Improvements Among Patients With Stroke Receiving Postacute Care in Inpatient Rehabilitation vs Skilled Nursing Facilities., Ickpyo Hong, James S. Goodwin, Timothy A Reistetter, Yong-Fang Kuo, Trudy Mallinson, Amol Karmarkar, Yu-Li Lin, and Kenneth J. Ottenbacher
The uses of trauma in experiment: Traumatic stress and the history of experimental neurosis, c. 1925-1975., Ulrich Koch
Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Body Mass Index and Heart Failure Incidence., Peter Kokkinos, Charles Faselis, Barry Franklin, Carl J Lavie, Labros Sidossis, Hans Moore, Pamela Karasik, and Jonathan Myers
Imputation and characterization of uncoded self-harm in major mental illness using machine learning., Praveen Kumar, Anastasiya Nestsiarovich, Stuart J. Nelson, Berit Kerner, Douglas J. Perkins, and Christophe G. Lambert
Beyond the Calories-Is the Problem in the Processing?, Janese Laster and Leigh A Frame
Reducing Health Care Disparities in Sickle Cell Disease: A Review., LaTasha Lee, Kim Smith-Whitley, Sonja Banks, and Gary Puckrein
How bioinformatics and open data can boost basic science in countries and universities with limited resources., Serghei Mangul, Lana S Martin, Ben Langmead, Javier E Sanchez-Galan, Ian Toma, Fereydoun Hormozdiari, Pavel Pevzner, and Eleazar Eskin
Damage Caps and Defensive Medicine: Reexamination with Patient-Level Data, Ali Moghtaderi, Steven Farmer, and Bernard Black
Contemporary concepts in access to healthcare: Identification and elimination of disparities in care of minority patients., Samar A. Nasser and Fortunato Fred Senatore
Detecting Secular Trends in Clinical Treatment through Temporal Analysis., Douglas Redd, Yijun Shao, Yan Cheng, and Qing Zeng-Treitler
COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND SLEEP DIFFICULTIES OVER 10 YEARS IN A NATIONAL SAMPLE OF OLDER ADULTS, Rebecca Robbins, Amanda Sonnega, Robert W. Turner II, Girardin Jean-Louis, and Kenneth Langa
Attitudes and experiences regarding genetic research among persons of African descent., Denise M Scott, Veronica G Thomas, Jane Otado, Faun Rockcliffe, Omotomilade Olopoenia, Dietrich Johnson, and Shawneequa Callier
Functional Limitations Mediate the Relationship Between Pain and Depressive Symptoms in Former NFL Athletes., Robert W. Turner 2nd, Amanda Sonnega, Tim Cupery, Joshua Chodosh, Keith E. Whitfield, David Weir, and James S. Jackson
RELIGIOUS ATTENDANCE, SOCIAL SUPPORT, AND SELF-RATED HEALTH IN FORMER NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE ATHLETES, Robert W. Turner II, Robert Turner, Amanda Sonnega, Tim Cupery, Evelyn Bush, Teri Rosales, and James S. Jackson
Sleep problems are associated with academic performance in a national sample of collegiate athletes, R. W. Turner II, K. Vissa, C. Hall, K. Poling, A. Athey, P. Alfonso-Miller, J. A. Gehrels, and M. A. Grandner
Comment on "The Relationship of the Amount of Physical Therapy to Time Lost From Work and Costs in the Workers' Compensation System"., Richard Wickstrom, Lorena Payne, and Kenneth Harwood
An efficient prototype method to identify and correct misspellings in clinical text., T Elizabeth Workman, Yijun Shao, Guy Divita, and Qing Zeng-Treitler
Will Artificial Intelligence Translate Big Data Into Improved Medical Care or Be a Source of Confusing Intrusion? A Discussion Between a (Cautious) Physician Informatician and an (Optimistic) Medical Informatics Researcher., Qing Zeng-Treitler and Stuart J. Nelson
Will Artificial Intelligence Translate Big Data Into Improved Medical Care or Be a Source of Confusing Intrusion? A Discussion Between a (Cautious) Physician Informatician and an (Optimistic) Medical Informatics Researcher., Qing Zeng-Treitler and Stuart J. Nelson
Will Artificial Intelligence Translate Big Data Into Improved Medical Care or Be a Source of Confusing Intrusion? A Discussion Between a (Cautious) Physician Informatician and an (Optimistic) Medical Informatics Researcher., Qing Zeng-Treitler and Stuart J. Nelson
Submissions from 2018
Pharmacologic Ascorbate Reduces Radiation-Induced Normal Tissue Toxicity and Enhances Tumor Radiosensitization in Pancreatic Cancer., Matthew S Alexander, Justin G Wilkes, Samuel R Schroeder, Garry R Buettner, Brett A Wagner, Juan Du, Katherine Gibson-Corley, Brianne R O'Leary, Douglas R Spitz, John M Buatti, Daniel J Berg, Kellie L. Bodeker, Sandy Vollstedt, Heather A Brown, Bryan G Allen, and Joseph J Cullen
Discharge home health services referral and 30-day all-cause readmission in older adults with heart failure., Cherinne Arundel, Helen Sheriff, Donna M Bearden, Charity J Morgan, Paul A Heidenreich, Gregg C Fonarow, Javed Butler, Richard M Allman, and Ali Ahmed
Effectiveness of Interventions for Weight Loss for People With Serious Mental Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis., Catana Brown, Lydia C Geiszler, Kelsie J Lewis, and Marian Arbesman
Multiancestry genome-wide association study of 520,000 subjects identifies 32 loci associated with stroke and stroke subtypes., Cara L. Carty and several additional authors
Burnout, job satisfaction, and stress levels of PAs., Bettie Coplan, Timothy C. McCall, Noël Smith, Vivienne L Gellert, and Alison C Essary
Use of Placebo in Supplementation Studies-Vitamin D Research Illustrates an Ethical Quandary., Leigh A. Frame, Jonathan P. Fischer, Gail Geller, and Lawrence J Cheskin
Quantitating the Dose of Physical Activity in Secondary Prevention: Relation of Exercise Intensity to Survival., Barry A Franklin, Leonard A Kaminsky, and Peter Kokkinos
Physical Therapy as the First Point of Care to Treat Low Back Pain: An Instrumental Variables Approach to Estimate Impact on Opioid Prescription, Health Care Utilization, and Costs., Bianca K Frogner, Kenneth Harwood, C Holly A Andrilla, Malaika Schwartz, and Jesse M Pines
A systematic review of safe patient handling and mobility programs to prevent musculoskeletal injuries in occupational and physical therapists and assistants, Kenneth Harwood, A R. Darragh, M Campo, K Rockefeller, and D A. Scalzetti
Comparing Student Outcomes in Traditional vs Intensive, Online Graduate Programs in Health Professional Education, Kenneth J. Harwood PhD, Paige McDonald, Joan Butler, Daniela Drago, and Karen Schlumpf
Comparing Student Outcomes in Traditional vs Intensive, Online Graduate Programs in Health Professional Education, Kenneth Harwood, Paige McDonald, Joan Butler, Daniela Drago, and Karen Schlumpf
Chronic inflammatory response syndrome and the lyme patient, A Heyman
Discharge Patterns for Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke Patients Going From Acute Care Hospitals to Inpatient and Skilled Nursing Rehabilitation., Ickpyo Hong, Amol Karmarkar, Winston Chan, Yong-Fang Kuo, Trudy Mallinson, Kenneth J Ottenbacher, James S Goodwin, Clark R Andersen, and Timothy A Reistetter
A multinational study on motor function in early-onset FSHD., Jean K Mah, Jia Feng, Marni B Jacobs, Tina Duong, Kate Carroll, Cara L Carty, Avital Cnaan, Yi-Wen Chen, and +several additional authors
Design for success: Identifying a process for transitioning to an intensive online course delivery model in health professions education., Paige L McDonald, Kenneth J Harwood, Joan T Butler, Karen S Schlumpf, Carson W Eschmann, and Daniela Drago
Community Outreach to African-Americans: Implementations for Controlling Hypertension., Samar A Nasser and Keith C Ferdinand
Evidence for Occupational Therapy Intervention With Employment and Education for Adults With Serious Mental Illness: A Systematic Review., Susan Noyes, Helena Sokolow, and Marian Arbesman
Toward Return to Duty Decision-Making After Military Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Preliminary Validation of the Charge of Quarters Duty Test, Mary V Radomski, Leslie F. Davidson, Laurel Smith, Marsha Finkelstein, Amy Cecchini, Kristin J Heaton, Karen McCulloch, Matthew Scherer, and Margaret M Weightman
Trust, Precision Medicine Research, and Equitable Participation of Underserved Populations., Maya Sabatello, Shawneequa Callier, Nanibaa' A Garrison, and Elizabeth G Cohn
Use of Complementary and Integrated Health: A Retrospective Analysis of U.S. Veterans with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain Nationally, S L. Taylor, M Herman, N J. Marshall, Qing Zeng, A Yuan, K Chu, Y Shao, C Morioka, and K A. Lorenz
Submissions from 2017
New AOTA Practice Guidelines on Alzheimer's Disease and Cancer Rehabilitation., Marian Arbesman, Melissa Stutzbach, and Deborah Lieberman
Diversity and Inclusion in Genomic Research: Why the Uneven Progress?, Amy R Bentley, Shawneequa Callier, and Charles N Rotimi
Diversity and inclusion in genomic research: why the uneven progress?, Amy R Bentley, Shawneequa Callier, and Charles N Rotimi
Going Online: A Pedagogical Assessment of Bioethics Distance Education Courses for Health Sciences Professionals, Shawneequa L. Callier, Attila Hertelendy, Joan Butler, Thomas D. Harter, Marcia Firmani, and Melissa M. Goldstein
Leukocyte Telomere Length, T Cell Composition and DNA Methylation Age., Brian H Chen, Cara L Carty, Masayuki Kimura, Jeremy D Kark, Wei Chen, Shengxu Li, Tao Zhang, Charles Kooperberg, Daniel Levy, Themistocles Assimes, Devin Absher, Steve Horvath, Alexander P Reiner, and Abraham Aviv
Predicting Adverse Outcomes in Heart Failure Patients Using Different Frailty Status Measures., Yan Cheng, Yijun Shao, Charlene R Weir, Rashmee U Shah, Bruce E Bray, Jennifer H Garvin, and Qing Zeng-Treitler
Patient needs and preferences for herb-drug-disease interaction alerts: a structured interview study., Carrie M Christensen, Rebecca S Morris, Seraphine Chepkemoi Kapsandoy, Melissa Archer, Jinqiu Kuang, Laura Shane-McWhorter, Bruce E Bray, and Qing Zeng-Treitler
Doodle Health: A Crowdsourcing Game for the Co-design and Testing of Pictographs to Reduce Disparities in Healthcare Communication, Carrie Christensen, Doug Redd, Erica Lake, Jean P. Shipman, Heather Aiono, Roger Altizer Jr., Bruce Bray, and Qing Zeng
Acceptability and Feasibility of a Randomized Clinical Trial of Oral Naltrexone vs. Placebo for Women Living with HIV Infection: Study Design Challenges and Pilot Study Results., Robert L. Cook, Kathleen M. Weber, Dao Mai, Kathleen A. Thoma, Xingdi Hu, Babette Brumback, Manju Karki, Kendall Bryant, Mobeen Rathore, Mary Young, and Mardge Cohen
A preliminary look at readmission and mortality among chronically critically ill and other medically complex Medicare patients, Nicole M. Coomer, Melissa Morley, Melvin J. Ingber, Allison Briggs, and Barbara Gage
Disparate Cardiovascular Disease Rates in African Americans: The Role of Stress Related to Self-Reported Racial Discrimination., Keith C Ferdinand and Samar A Nasser
Management of Essential Hypertension., Keith C Ferdinand and Samar A Nasser
Improving Medication Adherence in Cardiometabolic Disease: Practical and Regulatory Implications., Keith C Ferdinand, Fortunato Fred Senatore, Helene Clayton-Jeter, Dennis R Cryer, John C Lewin, Samar A Nasser, Mona Fiuzat, and Robert M Califf
Disparities in Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease in Blacks: The Critical role of Medication Adherence., Keith C Ferdinand, Kapil Yadav, Samar A Nasser, Helene D Clayton-Jeter, John Lewin, Dennis R Cryer, and Fortunato Fred Senatore
An Evolving Ecosystem for Natural Language Processing in Department of Veterans Affairs., Jennifer H Garvin, Megha Kalsy, Cynthia Brandt, Stephen L Luther, Guy Divita, Gregory Coronado, Doug Redd, Carrie Christensen, Brent Hill, Natalie Kelly, and Qing Zeng Treitler
Combining practice and theory to assess strategic thinking, Ellen F. Goldman, Karen S. Schlumpf, and Andrea Richards Scott
Health Services Research in Rehabilitation and Disability - The Time is Now., James E Graham, Addie Middleton, Janet Prvu Bettger, Trudy Mallinson, and Pamela Roberts
Venous Thromboembolism: Role of Pharmacists and Managed Care Considerations., Tuesdy Horner and Charles Mahan
Systematic Review of Occupational Therapy and Adult Cancer Rehabilitation: Part 1. Impact of Physical Activity and Symptom Management Interventions., Elizabeth G Hunter, Robert W Gibson, Marian Arbesman, and Mariana D'Amico
Systematic Review of Occupational Therapy and Adult Cancer Rehabilitation: Part 2. Impact of Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation and Psychosocial, Sexuality, and Return-to-Work Interventions., Elizabeth G Hunter, Robert W Gibson, Marian Arbesman, and Mariana D'Amico
Systematic Review of Occupational Therapy and Adult Cancer Rehabilitation: Part 2. Impact of Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation and Psychosocial, Sexuality, and Return-to-Work Interventions., Elizabeth G Hunter, Robert W Gibson, Marian Arbesman, and Mariana D'Amico
Advancing access and equity: the vision of a new generation in cancer control., André M Ilbawi, Elizabeth Ayoo, Afsan Bhadelia, Runcie C W Chidebe, Temidayo Fadelu, Cristian A Herrera, Mandi Pratt-Chapman, and +several additional authors
Evaluating the performance of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in early stage Parkinson's disease., Sandra L Kletzel, Juan Manuel Hernandez, Elizabeth F Miskiel, Trudy Mallinson, and Theresa Louise-Bender Pape
‘Cruel To Be Kind?’ Professionalization, Politics and the Image of the Abstinent Psychoanalyst, c. 1940–80, Ulrich Koch
‘Cruel to be kind?’ Professionalization, politics and the image of the abstinent psychoanalyst, c. 1940–80, Urlich Koch
Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in United States Veterans on Statin Therapy., Peter Kokkinos, Charles Faselis, Puneet Narayan, Jonathan Myers, Eric Nylen, Xuemei Sui, Jiajia Zhang, and Carl J Lavie
New Generalized Equation for Predicting Maximal Oxygen Uptake (from the Fitness Registry and the Importance of Exercise National Database)., Peter Kokkinos, Leonard A Kaminsky, Ross Arena, Jiajia Zhang, and Jonathan Myers
Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Health Outcomes: A Call to Standardize Fitness Categories., Peter Kokkinos, Jonathan Myers, Barry Franklin, Puneet Narayan, Carl J Lavie, and Charles Faselis
Bringing Voice in Policy Building., Gaetano R Lotrecchiano, Mary Kane, Mark S Zocchi, Jessica Gosa, Danielle Lazar, and Jesse M Pines
A Tale of Four Practices., Michelle Miller-Day, Janelle Applequist, Keri Zabokrtsky, Alexandra Dalton, Katherine Kellom, Robert Gabbay, and Peter F Cronholm
Child Abuse Scandal Publicity and Catholic School Enrollment: Does the Boston Globe Coverage Matter?, Ali Moghtaderi
Anatomical and Optical Properties of Atrial Tissue: Search for a Suitable Animal Model., Narine Muselimyan, Mohammed Al Jishi, Huda Asfour, Luther Swift, and Narine A Sarvazyan
CASES WITH A TWIST. The Worst-Case Bariatric Patient., David Page and Will Krost
Validation of the 2-Minute Walk Test with the 6-Minute Walk Test and Other Functional Measures in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis, David A. Scalzitti, Kenneth J. Harwood, Joyce R. Maring, Susan J. Leach, Elizabeth A. Ruckert, and Ellen Costello
O, Joshua D Schoenfeld, Zita A Sibenaller, Kranti A Mapuskar, Brett A Wagner, Kimberly L Cramer-Morales, Muhammad Furqan, Sonia Sandhu, Thomas L Carlisle, Mark C Smith, Taher Abu Hejleh, Daniel J Berg, Jun Zhang, John Keech, Kalpaj R Parekh, Sudershan Bhatia, Varun Monga, Kellie L. Bodeker, Logan Ahmann, Sandy Vollstedt, Heather Brown, Erin P Shanahan Kauffman, Mary E Schall, Ray J Hohl, Gerald H Clamon, Jeremy D Greenlee, Matthew A Howard, Michael K Schultz, Brian J Smith, Dennis P Riley, Frederick E Domann, Joseph J Cullen, Garry R Buettner, John M Buatti, Douglas R Spitz, and Bryan G Allen
O2⋅- and H2O2-Mediated Disruption of Fe Metabolism Causes the Differential Susceptibility of NSCLC and GBM Cancer Cells to Pharmacological Ascorbate, Joshua D Schoenfeld, Zita A Sibenaller, Kranti A Mapuskar, Brett A Wagner, Kimberly L Cramer-Morales, Muhammad Furqan, Sonia Sandhu, Thomas L Carlisle, Mark C Smith, Taher Abu Hejleh, Daniel J Berg, Jun Zhang, John Keech, Kalpaj R Parekh, Sudershan Bhatia, Varun Monga, Kellie L. Bodeker, Logan Ahmann, Sandy Vollstedt, Heather Brown, Erin P Shanahan Kauffman, Mary E Schall, Ray J Hohl, Gerald H Clamon, Jeremy D Greenlee, Matthew A Howard, Michael K Schultz, Brian J Smith, Dennis P Riley, Frederick E Domann, Joseph J Cullen, Garry R Buettner, John M Buatti, Douglas R Spitz, and Bryan G Allen
Association of Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity With Leukocyte Telomere Length Among Older Women., Aladdin H Shadyab, Michael J LaMonte, Charles Kooperberg, Alexander P Reiner, Cara L Carty, Todd M Manini, Lifang Hou, Chongzhi Di, and Andrea Z LaCroix
Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Leukocyte Telomere Length Among Older Women., Aladdin H Shadyab, Michael J LaMonte, Charles Kooperberg, Alexander P Reiner, Cara L Carty, Todd M Manini, Lifang Hou, Chongzhi Di, Caroline A Macera, Linda C Gallo, Richard A Shaffer, Sonia Jain, and Andrea Z LaCroix
Associations of Accelerometer-Measured and Self-Reported Sedentary Time With Leukocyte Telomere Length in Older Women., Aladdin H Shadyab, Caroline A Macera, Richard A Shaffer, Sonia Jain, Linda C Gallo, Michael J LaMonte, Alexander P Reiner, Charles Kooperberg, Cara L Carty, Chongzhi Di, Todd M Manini, Lifang Hou, and Andrea Z LaCroix
Examining the Gap: Compensation Disparities between Male and Female Physician Assistants., Noël Smith, James F Cawley, and Timothy C. McCall
Effect of Home Modification Interventions on the Participation of Community-Dwelling Adults With Health Conditions: A Systematic Review., Susan Stark, Marian Keglovits, Marian Arbesman, and Deborah Lieberman
Deep Sequencing Transcriptome Analysis of Murine Wound Healing: Effects of a Multicomponent, Multitarget Natural Product Therapy-Tr14, Georges St. Laurent III, Bernd Seilheimer, Michael Tackett, Jianhua Zhou, Dmitry Shtokalo, Ian Toma, and +several additional authors
Transition to Independence: Characteristics and Outcomes of Mentored Career Development (KL2) Scholars at Clinical and Translational Science Award Institutions., Carol Sweeney, Lisa S Schwartz, Robert Toto, Carol Merchant, Alecia S Fair, and Janice L Gabrilove
Occupational Therapy Interventions for Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder., Scott Tomchek, Kristie Patten Koenig, Marian Arbesman, and Deborah Lieberman
Relative mRNA Expression Levels of Restriction Factors and Antiviral Genes in Fetal and Adult Human Monocytes and Monocyte-Derived Macrophages., Karen Trang, Rui André Raposo, Margaret M Lowe, Elisabeth R Krow-Lucal, Wes Yonemoto, Vinicius D Cabido, Devi SenGupta, and Joseph M McCune
Improving Communication Through Resident-Nurse Shadowing., Heather A Walsh, Adriane A Jolly Inouye, and Ellen F Goldman
Identifying Axial Spondyloarthritis in Electronic Medical Records of US Veterans., Jessica A Walsh, Yijun Shao, Jianwei Leng, Tao He, Chia-Chen Teng, Doug Redd, Qing Treitler Zeng, Zachary Burningham, Daniel O Clegg, and Brian C Sauer