Automated 3D-Printed Microfluidic Array for Rapid Nanomaterial-Enhanced Detection of Multiple Proteins

Document Type

Journal Article

Publication Date

6-19-2018

Journal

Analytical Chemistry

Volume

90

Issue

12

DOI

10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01198

Abstract

© 2018 American Chemical Society. We report here the fabrication and validation of a novel 3D-printed, automated immunoarray to detect multiple proteins with ultralow detection limits. This low cost, miniature immunoarray employs electrochemiluminescent (ECL) detection measured with a CCD camera and employs touch-screen control of a micropump to facilitate automated use. The miniaturized array features prefilled reservoirs to deliver sample and reagents to a paper-thin pyrolytic graphite microwell detection chip to complete sandwich immunoassays. The detection chip achieves high sensitivity by using single-wall carbon nanotube-antibody conjugates in the microwells and employing massively labeled antibody-decorated RuBPY-silica nanoparticles to generate ECL. The total cost of an array is 0.65, and an eight-protein assay can be done in duplicate for 0.14 per protein with limits of detection (LOD) as low as 78-110 fg mL-1 in diluted serum. The electronic control system costs 210 in components. Utility of the automated immunoarray was demonstrated by detecting an eight-protein prostate cancer biomarker panel in human serum samples in 25 min. The system is well suited to future clinical and point-of-care diagnostic testing and could be used in resource-limited environments.

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