Relapsed rhabdoid tumours and other non-nephroblastoma childhood and adolescent kidney tumours: perspectives from the HARMONICA collaboration

Michael V. Ortiz, Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA. ortizm2@mskcc.org.
Francis S. Wens, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Andrew L. Hong, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Paola Quarello, Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Division, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy.
Arnauld C. Verschuur, Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, La Timone Childrens Hospital, APHM, Marseille, France.
Elisabeth T. Tracy, Division of Pediatric Surgery, UNC Children's Hospital, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Najat C. Daw, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Jeffrey S. Dome, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
Amy L. Walz, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, Neuro-Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplant, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
Julia Sprokkerieft, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Godelieve A. Tytgat, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Alex Kentsis, Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA.
Jaime Libes-Bander, Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL, USA.
Peter J. Schoettler, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Daniela Perotti, Predictive Medicine: Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Jarno Drost, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Rajkumar Venkatramani, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
James I. Geller, Peckham Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Marry M. van den Heuvel-Eibrink, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Document Type

Journal Article

Publication Date

1-2-2026

Journal

Nature reviews. Urology

DOI

10.1038/s41585-025-01117-4

Abstract

Paediatric kidney tumours are generally associated with a favourable survival rate. Most children are diagnosed with Wilms tumour, which has a 90% long-term survival rate with conventional front-line and salvage therapies. However, treatments and outcomes of children with relapsed non-Wilms tumours, such as malignant rhabdoid tumour of the kidney, renal-cell carcinoma (including renal medullary carcinoma), clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney, anaplastic sarcoma of the kidney and congenital mesoblastic nephroma are not well defined. Several of these non-Wilms tumours include unfavourable prognostic subtypes. Currently available data on non-Wilms tumours support advancing studies that pivot from conventional strategies towards disease-specific, biologically driven novel treatments to improve outcomes for each of these rare childhood kidney tumours.

Department

Pediatrics

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