Caffeine Consumption Contributes to Skin Intrinsic Fluorescence in Type 1 Diabetes.

Authors

Karen M Eny
Trevor J Orchard
Rachel Grace Miller
John Maynard
Denis M Grant
Tina Costacou
Patricia A. Cleary, George Washington UniversityFollow
Barbara H BraffettFollow
Andrew D Paterson
DCCT/EDIC Research Group

Document Type

Journal Article

Publication Date

7-20-2015

Journal

Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics

Volume

17

Issue

10

Inclusive Pages

726-734

DOI

10.1089/dia.2015.0017

Keywords

Caffeine--administration & dosage; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1-metabolism; Skin--drug effects

Abstract

Background: A variant (rs1495741) in the gene for the N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) protein is associated with skin intrinsic fluorescence (SIF), a noninvasive measure of advanced glycation end products and other fluorophores in the skin. Because NAT2 is involved in caffeine metabolism, we aimed to determine whether caffeine consumption is associated with SIF and whether rs1495741 is associated with SIF independently of caffeine.

Materials and Methods: SIF was measured in 1,181 participants with type 1 diabetes from the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications study. Two measures of SIF were used: SIF1, using a 375-nm excitation light-emitting diode (LED), and SIF14 (456-nm LED). Food frequency questionnaires were used to estimate mean caffeine intake. To establish replication, we examined a second type 1 diabetes cohort.

Results: Higher caffeine intake was significantly associated with higher SIF1_{LED 375 nm[0.6, 0.2]} (P=2×10⁻³²) and SIF14_{LED 456 nm[0.4, 0.8]} (P=7×10⁻³¹) and accounted for 4% of the variance in each after adjusting for covariates. When analyzed together, caffeine intake and rs1495741 both remained highly significantly associated with SIF1_{LED 375 nm[0.6, 0.2]} and SIF14_{LED 456 nm[0.4, 0.8]}. Mean caffeinated coffee intake was also positively associated with SIF1_{LED 375 nm[0.6, 0.2]} (P=9×10⁻¹²) and SIF14_{LED 456 nm[0.4, 0.8]} (P=4×10⁻¹²), but no association was observed for decaffeinated coffee intake. Finally, caffeine was also positively associated with SIF1_{LED 375 nm[0.6, 0.2]} and SIF14_{LED 456 nm[0.4, 0.8]} (P<0.0001) in the replication cohort.

Conclusions: Caffeine contributes to SIF. The effect of rs1495741 on SIF appears to be partially independent of caffeine consumption. Because SIF and coffee intake are each associated with cardiovascular disease, our findings suggest that accounting for coffee and/or caffeine intake may improve risk prediction models for SIF and cardiovascular disease in individuals with diabetes.

Comments

Reproduced with permission of Mary Ann Liebert. Diabetes Technology and Therapeutics.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 License

APA Citation

Eny, K. M., Orchard, T. J., Miller, R. G., Maynard, J., Grant, D. M., Costacou, T., ... & Paterson, A. D. (2015). Caffeine Consumption Contributes to Skin Intrinsic Fluorescence in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics.

Peer Reviewed

1

Open Access

1