Document Type
Journal Article
Publication Date
7-1-2016
Journal
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
Volume
10
Issue
7
DOI
10.1371/journal.pntd.0004794
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Despite control efforts, human schistosomiasis remains prevalent throughout Africa, Asia, and South America. The global schistosomiasis burden has changed little since the new anthelmintic drug, praziquantel, promised widespread control.
METHODOLOGY: We evaluated large-scale schistosomiasis control attempts over the past century and across the globe by identifying factors that predict control program success: snail control (e.g., molluscicides or biological control), mass drug administrations (MDA) with praziquantel, or a combined strategy using both. For data, we compiled historical information on control tactics and their quantitative outcomes for all 83 countries and territories in which: (i) schistosomiasis was allegedly endemic during the 20th century, and (ii) schistosomiasis remains endemic, or (iii) schistosomiasis has been "eliminated," or is "no longer endemic," or transmission has been interrupted.
PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Widespread snail control reduced prevalence by 92 ± 5% (N = 19) vs. 37 ± 7% (N = 29) for programs using little or no snail control. In addition, ecological, economic, and political factors contributed to schistosomiasis elimination. For instance, snail control was most common and widespread in wealthier countries and when control began earlier in the 20th century.
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Snail control has been the most effective way to reduce schistosomiasis prevalence. Despite evidence that snail control leads to long-term disease reduction and elimination, most current schistosomiasis control efforts emphasize MDA using praziquantel over snail control. Combining drug-based control programs with affordable snail control seems the best strategy for eliminating schistosomiasis.
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
APA Citation
Sokolow, S., Wood, C., Jones, I., Swartz, S., Lopez, M., Hsieh, M. H., Lafferty, K., Kuris, A., Rickards, C., & De Leo, G. (2016). Global Assessment of Schistosomiasis Control Over the Past Century Shows Targeting the Snail Intermediate Host Works Best.. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 10 (7). http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004794
Peer Reviewed
1
Open Access
1
Comments
Reproduced with permission of PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases