18F-DCFBC Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-Targeted PET/CT Imaging in Localized Prostate Cancer: Correlation with Multiparametric MRI and Histopathology

Document Type

Journal Article

Publication Date

10-1-2017

Journal

Clinical Nuclear Medicine

Volume

42

Issue

10

DOI

10.1097/RLU.0000000000001804

Keywords

18 F-DCFBC PET/CT; multiparametric prostate MRI; prostate cancer; PSMA

Abstract

© Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. Purpose To assess the ability of (N-[N-[(S)-1,3-dicarboxypropyl]carbamoyl]-4-18F-fluorobenzyl-l-cysteine) (18F-DCFBC), a prostate-specific membrane antigen-Targeted PET agent, to detect localized prostate cancer lesions in correlation with multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and histopathology. Methods This Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996-compliant, prospective, institutional review board-Approved study included 13 evaluable patients with localized prostate cancer (median age, 62.8 years [range, 51-74 years]; median prostate-specific antigen, 37.5 ng/dL [range, 3.26-216 ng/dL]). Patients underwent mpMRI and 18F-DCFBC PET/CT within a 3 months' window. Lesions seen on mpMRI were biopsied under transrectal ultrasound/MRI fusion-guided biopsy, or a radical prostatectomy was performed. 18F-DCFBC PET/CT and mpMRI were evaluated blinded and separately for tumor detection on a lesion basis. For PET image analysis, MRI and 18F-DCFBC PET images were fused by using software registration; imaging findings were correlated with histology, and uptake of 18F-DCFBC in tumors was compared with uptake in benign prostatic hyperplasia nodules and normal peripheral zone tissue using the 80% threshold SUVmax. Results A total of 25 tumor foci (mean size, 1.8 cm; median size, 1.5 cm; range, 0.6-4.7 cm) were histopathologically identified in 13 patients. Sensitivity rates of 18F-DCFBC PET/CT and mpMRI were 36% and 96%, respectively, for all tumors. For index lesions, the largest tumor with highest Gleason score, sensitivity rates of 18F-DCFBC PET/CT and mpMRI were 61.5% and 92%, respectively. The average SUVmax for primary prostate cancer was higher (5.8 ± 4.4) than that of benign prostatic hyperplasia nodules (2.1 ± 0.3) or that of normal prostate tissue (2.1 ± 0.4) at 1 hour postinjection (P = 0.0033). Conclusions The majority of index prostate cancers are detected with 18F-DCFBC PET/CT, and this may be a prognostic indicator based on uptake and staging. However, for detecting prostate cancer with high sensitivity, it is important to combine prostate-specific membrane antigen PET/CT with mpMRI.

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