Fibroblasts cultured from distal lower extremities in patients with venous reflux display cellular characteristics of senescence

Document Type

Journal Article

Publication Date

1-1-1998

Journal

Journal of Vascular Surgery

Volume

28

Issue

6

DOI

10.1016/S0741-5214(98)70030-8

Abstract

Purpose: Venous reflux precedes the development of venous ulcers. Our earlier work showed that the fibroblasts that are cultured from these wounds display more characteristics of senescence. We evaluated fibroblast senescence in patients with venous reflux but without ulcers to further investigate the role of venous reflux in the predisposition to venous ulcers. Methods: Fibroblasts that were isolated from skin biopsy specimens of the 'gaiter' area (distal) and of the ipsilateral thigh of the same patient (proximal) were compared. Twelve patients with venous reflux (9 patients in clinical, etiologic, anatomic, and pathologic classification 4; 3 patients in classification 5) with an average venous filling index of 5.45 mL/s and 4 patients without venous reflux were enrolled in the study. The growth rates, the response to basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF), and the senescence markers (β-galactosidase activity at a pH level of 6, unstimulated fibroblasts fibronectin protein, and messenger RNA levels) were determined for each cell population. Results: The number of senescence-associated β- galactosidase positive cells (8.3% ± 1.9% vs 2.2% ± 0.8%; P = .008) and the level of cellular fibronectin protein (455.7 ± 80 vs 210 ± 51; P = .04) and messenger RNA (16.8 ± 6.8 vs 13.5 ± 5.7; P= .042) were significantly higher in the distal fibroblasts as compared with the proximal fibroblast cultures. The growth rates of the distal fibroblasts were lower when compared with the proximal fibroblasts (15,746 ± 4287 cells/day vs 29,550 ± 5035 cells/day; P < .002) but were not different in the presence of b-FGF (41,717 ± 9542 cells/day vs 47,030 ± 6133 cells/day; P = .53). In the patients without venous reflux, no site differences were noted in the growth rate: or the senescence markers between the proximal and distal fibroblasts. Conclusion: Distal fibroblasts that are isolated from patients with venous reflux display more senescence characteristics than do proximal fibroblasts and have significantly lower growth rates. Despite senescence, b-FGF restored the distal-fibroblasts growth rate to that of the simulated proximal fibroblasts, which proposes a therapeutic role for b-FGF. These changes precede ulcer formation and suggest a mechanism that is focal and intrinsically related to venous reflux.

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