Document Type
Journal Article
Publication Date
4-2-2021
Journal
Transplantology
Volume
2
Inclusive Pages
109–117
DOI
10.3390/transplantology2020011
Keywords
BOLD MRI; glomerular; hypoxia; nephrotic; nephritic
Abstract
Renal hypoxia has recently been implicated as a key contributor and indicator of various glomerular diseases. As such, monitoring changes in renal oxygenation in these disorders may provide an early diagnostic advantage that could prevent potential adverse outcomes. Blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD MRI) is an emerging noninvasive technique for assessing renal oxygenation in glomerular disease. Although BOLD MRI has produced promising initial results for the use in certain renal pathologies, the use of BOLD imaging in glomerular diseases, including primary and secondary nephrotic and nephritic syndromes, is relatively unexplored. Early BOLD studies on primary nephrotic syndrome, nephrotic syndrome secondary to diabetes mellitus, and nephritic syndrome secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus have shown promising results to support its future clinical utility. In this review, we outline the advancements made in understanding the use of BOLD MRI for the assessment, diagnosis, and screening of these pathologies.
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
APA Citation
Nemirovsky, D. R., Gupta, P., Hu, S., Wong, R., & Thakor, A. S. (2021). Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent (BOLD) MRI in Glomerular Disease. Transplantology, 2 (). http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/transplantology2020011
Peer Reviewed
1
Open Access
1
