Generation of hypochlorite-modified proteins by neutrophils during ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat liver: Attenuation by ischemic preconditioning
Document Type
Journal Article
Publication Date
10-1-2005
Journal
American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
Volume
289
Issue
4 52-4
DOI
10.1152/ajpgi.00141.2005
Keywords
Acidmyeloperoxidase-hydrogen; Biomarkersreactive; Hepatic oxidant; Oxygen; Peroxidation; Peroxide-chloride; Specieshypochlorous; Stress; Systemmalondialdehyde lipid
Abstract
Although it is well documented that neutrophils are critical for the delayed phase of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, there is no direct evidence for a specific neutrophil-derived oxidant stress in vivo. Therefore, we used a model of 60 min of partial hepatic ischemia and 0-24 h of reperfusion to investigate neutrophil accumulation and to analyze biomarkers for a general oxidant stress [glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and malondialdehyde (MDA)] and for a neutrophil-specific oxidant stress [hypochlorite (HOCl)-modified epitopes] in rats. Plasma alanine transaminase activities and histology showed progressively increasing liver injury during reperfusion, when hepatic GSSG and soluble MDA levels were elevated. At that time, few neutrophils were present in sinusoids. However, the number of hepatocytes positively stained for HOCl-modified epitopes increased from 6 to 24 h of reperfusion, which correlated with the bulk of hepatic neutrophil accumulation and extravasation into the parenchyma. Consistent with a higher oxidant stress at later times, hepatic GSSG and protein-bound MDA levels further increased. Treatment with the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium chloride attenuated postischemic oxidant stress (GSSG, protein-bound MDA, and hepatocytes positively stained for HOCl-modified epitopes) and liver injury at 24 h of reperfusion. Ischemic preconditioning suppressed all oxidant stress biomarkers, liver injury, and extravasation of neutrophils. In conclusion, extravasated neutrophils generate HOCl, which diffuses into hepatocytes and causes oxidative modifications of intracellular proteins during the neutrophil-mediated reperfusion injury phase. Ischemic preconditioning is an effective intervention for reduction of the overall inflammatory response and, in particular, for limitation of the cytotoxic activity of neutrophils during the later reperfusion period. Copyright © 2005 the American Physiological Society.
APA Citation
Hasegawa, T., Malle, E., Farhood, A., & Jaeschke, H. (2005). Generation of hypochlorite-modified proteins by neutrophils during ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat liver: Attenuation by ischemic preconditioning. American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 289 (4 52-4). http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00141.2005