Ocular torsion-direct measurement with indirect ophthalmoscope and protractor
Document Type
Journal Article
Publication Date
1-1-1992
Journal
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus
Volume
29
Issue
3
Abstract
Objective measurement of the optic nerve head (ONH)-foveal angle, representing the torsional status of 40 eyes in 20 normal patients, was performed by fundus photography and compared to a method utilizing an indirect ophthalmoscope and protractor described herein. Photography established a mean ONH-foveal angle of 7.03° (SD 2.94°). Comparison with the indirect/protractor method revealed a mean difference of 1.10° (SD 0.99) with a range of 0° to 4° between methods. The indirect/protractor method seems to provide a rapid, inexpensive, and accurate method of determining the degree of ocular torsion when compared to the fundus photograph method which requires greater patient cooperation and investment in time and equipment. The ONH-foveal angle varies widely among normal individuals (0° to 16°). Variation between left and right eyes of the same individual was not significant (1.15°, SD 1.39°), and if greater than 4°, probably represents cyclovertical muscle dysfunction or restrictive orbitopathy. The converse, however, may not always be true as individuals with less than 4° difference between eyes may have cyclovertical muscle imbalance.
APA Citation
Madigan, W., & Katz, N. (1992). Ocular torsion-direct measurement with indirect ophthalmoscope and protractor. Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, 29 (3). Retrieved from https://hsrc.himmelfarb.gwu.edu/smhs_ophthalm_facpubs/252