Effect of lower blood pressure goals on left ventricular structure and function in patients with subclinical hypertensive heart disease

Document Type

Journal Article

Publication Date

9-10-2020

Journal

American Journal of Hypertension

Volume

33

Issue

9

DOI

10.1093/ajh/hpaa108

Keywords

African American; Blood pressure; Heart failure; Hypertension; Left ventricular hypertrophy; Subclinical hypertensive heart disease; Urban

Abstract

© American Journal of Hypertension, Ltd 2020. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com BACKGROUND Subclinical hypertensive heart disease (SHHD) is a precursor to heart failure. Blood pressure (BP) reduction is an important component of secondary disease prevention in patients with SHHD. Treating patients with SHHD utilizing a more intensive BP target (120/80 mm Hg), may lead to improved cardiac function but there has been limited study of this, particularly in African Americans (AAs). METHODS We conducted a single center, randomized controlled trial where subjects with uncontrolled, asymptomatic hypertension, and SHHD not managed by a primary care physician were randomized to standard (<140/90 mm Hg) or intensive (<120/80 mm Hg) BP therapy groups with quarterly follow-up for 12 months. The primary outcome was the differences of BP reduction between these 2 groups and the secondary outcome was the improvement in echocardiographic measures at 12 months. RESULTS Patients (95% AAs, 65% male, mean age 49.4) were randomized to the standard (n = 65) or the intensive (n = 58) BP therapy groups. Despite significant reductions in systolic BP (sBP) from baseline (−10.9 vs. −19.1 mm Hg, respectively) (P < 0.05), no significant differences were noted between intention-to-treat groups (P = 0.33) or the proportion with resolution of SHHD (P = 0.31). However, on post hoc analysis, achievement of a sBP <130 mm Hg was associated with significant reduction in indexed left ventricular mass (−6.91 gm/m2.7; P = 0.008) which remained significant on mixed effect modeling (P = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS In post hoc analysis, sBP <130 mm Hg in predominantly AA patients with SHHD was associated with improved cardiac function and reverse remodeling and may help to explain preventative effects of lower BP goals.

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