Fully implantable and bioresorbable cardiac pacemakers without leads or batteries

Yeon Sik Choi, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Rose T. Yin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
Anna Pfenniger, Feinberg School of Medicine, Cardiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Jahyun Koo, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Raudel Avila, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
K Benjamin Lee, Department of Surgery, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
Sheena W. Chen, Department of Surgery, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
Geumbee Lee, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Gang Li, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Yun Qiao, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
Alejandro Murillo-Berlioz, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
Alexi Kiss, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
Shuling Han, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Seung Min Lee, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Chenhang Li, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Zhaoqian Xie, State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, International Research Center for Computational Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
Yu-Yu Chen, Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Amy Burrell, Feinberg School of Medicine, Cardiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Beth Geist, Feinberg School of Medicine, Cardiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Hyoyoung Jeong, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Joohee Kim, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Hong-Joon Yoon, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Anthony Banks, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Seung-Kyun Kang, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Zheng Jenny Zhang, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Chad R. Haney, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Alan Varteres Sahakian, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
David Johnson, Feinberg School of Medicine, Cardiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Tatiana Efimova, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
Yonggang Huang, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Gregory D. Trachiotis, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
Bradley P. Knight, Feinberg School of Medicine, Cardiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.

Document Type

Journal Article

Publication Date

6-30-2021

Journal

Nature biotechnology

DOI

10.1038/s41587-021-00948-x

Abstract

Temporary cardiac pacemakers used in periods of need during surgical recovery involve percutaneous leads and externalized hardware that carry risks of infection, constrain patient mobility and may damage the heart during lead removal. Here we report a leadless, battery-free, fully implantable cardiac pacemaker for postoperative control of cardiac rate and rhythm that undergoes complete dissolution and clearance by natural biological processes after a defined operating timeframe. We show that these devices provide effective pacing of hearts of various sizes in mouse, rat, rabbit, canine and human cardiac models, with tailored geometries and operation timescales, powered by wireless energy transfer. This approach overcomes key disadvantages of traditional temporary pacing devices and may serve as the basis for the next generation of postoperative temporary pacing technology.

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