Risk of kidney failure and death associated with target-dose (vs. below-target-dose) RAS inhibitors in HFrEF, HFmrEF and HFpEF: Spline-based reassessment of subgroup findings

Authors

• Venkatesh K. Raman, Center for Data Science and Outcomes Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; Georgetown University,Washington, DC, USA.
• Jose D. Vargas, Center for Data Science and Outcomes Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; Georgetown University,Washington, DC, USA.
• Hans J. Moore, Center for Data Science and Outcomes Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; Georgetown University,Washington, DC, USA; George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; Uniformed Services University, Washington, DC, USA.
• Wen-Chih Wu, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA; Brown University, Providence,RI, USA.
• Samir S. Patel, Center for Data Science and Outcomes Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
• Sijian Zhang, Center for Data Science and Outcomes Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
• Charity J. Morgan, Center for Data Science and Outcomes Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
• Phillip H. Lam, Georgetown University,Washington, DC, USA; MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA.
• Paul A. Heidenreich, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
• Frederick Lu, Brown University, Providence,RI, USA.
• Amiya A. Ahmed, Yale University, New Haven,CT, USA.
• Gregg C. Fonarow, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
• Ali Ahmed, Center for Data Science and Outcomes Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; Georgetown University,Washington, DC, USA; George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA. Electronic address: ali.ahmed@va.gov.

Document Type

Letter to the Editor

Publication Date

2-21-2026

Journal

The American journal of medicine

DOI

10.1016/j.amjmed.2026.01.035

APA Citation

Raman, Venkatesh K.; Vargas, Jose D.; Moore, Hans J.; Wu, Wen-Chih; Patel, Samir S.; Zhang, Sijian; Morgan, Charity J.; Lam, Phillip H.; Heidenreich, Paul A.; Lu, Frederick; Ahmed, Amiya A.; Fonarow, Gregg C.; and Ahmed, Ali, "Risk of kidney failure and death associated with target-dose (vs. below-target-dose) RAS inhibitors in HFrEF, HFmrEF and HFpEF: Spline-based reassessment of subgroup findings" (2026). GW Authored Works. Paper 8683.
https://hsrc.himmelfarb.gwu.edu/gwhpubs/8683

Department

Medicine