When Do Workplace Injuries Occur? A Temporal Analysis of the First Reporting Year of the Injury Tracking Application Case Data in the U.S

Document Type

Journal Article

Publication Date

12-23-2025

Journal

Journal of occupational and environmental medicine

DOI

10.1097/JOM.0000000000003648

Keywords

Monday Effect; OSHA; daylight saving time; epidemiology; occupational injuries; seasonality; temporal patterns; workplace safety

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: In 2023, OSHA began requiring large establishments (>100employees) to submit detailed case reports of injuries electronically. These reports have been organized into a publicly available data system, called the Injury Tracking Application(ITA). METHODS: We analyzed timestamps of 738,828 injuries to investigate injury patterns by month, weekday, hour, and daylight-saving time transitions in 2023 using quasi-Poisson rate regression and interrupted timeseries models. RESULTS: Injuries were not evenly distributed over time: certain months, days, and hours showed markedly higher rates. Injuries peaked around July and August. A 10 AM peak was observed across several industries. The fall daylight-saving shift increased injuries whereas the spring shift did not show a significant effect. CONCLUSIONS: Understanding 'when' workplace injuries happen can inform timely interventions. This study is a proof-of-concept demonstration of how the newly released ITA case dataset from large establishments can be used to explore national-scale injury patterns.

Department

Environmental and Occupational Health

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