Perceptions of non-sugar sweeteners and non-sugar sweetener front-of-package labels among parents in the United States: a qualitative study

Natalie Vallone, Research Assistant and Study Coordinator, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20052. Electronic address: nataliejvallone@gmail.com.
Lindsey Smith Taillie, Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, 123 W. Franklin St, Room 2107, Chapel Hill, NC 27514. Electronic address: taillie@unc.edu.
James W. Krieger, Clinical Professor Emeritus, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 3980 15th Avenue NE, Box 351616, Seattle, WA. Electronic address: jkrieger@HFAmerica.org.
Mariana F. Grilo, Doctoral Student Research Assistant, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20052. Electronic address: marianafg@gwmail.gwu.edu.
Piya Patel, Undergraduate Student Research Assistant, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20052. Electronic address: piyapatel@gwmail.gwu.edu.
Gabriela Diaz-Guzman, Undergraduate Student Research Assistant, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20052. Electronic address: gdiaz219@gwmail.gwu.edu.
Allison C. Sylvetsky, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Milken Institute School of Public Health The George Washington University 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20052. Electronic address: asylvets@gwu.edu.

Document Type

Journal Article

Publication Date

9-10-2025

Journal

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

DOI

10.1016/j.jand.2025.09.006

Keywords

added sugars; artificial sweeteners; front-of-package labeling; nutrition; obesity

Abstract

BACKGROUND: In light of efforts to decrease added sugar, the use of non-sugar sweeteners (NSS) in the food supply is increasing. Although there is concern about health effects of NSS, particularly among children, little is known about parents' perceptions of NSS as replacements for added sugar and whether NSS front-of-package labels influence parents' perceptions and purchasing intentions surrounding products with NSS. OBJECTIVE: To examine U.S. parents' perceptions of sugar and NSS for their children and understand how parents perceive NNS FOPLs when making selections for their children. DESIGN: Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted using a semi-structured guide, which was informed by the health belief model, included questions about parents' perceptions of the healthfulness of NSS for children; parents' understanding and perceptions of NSS FOPLs; and how various NSS FOPL formats would potentially influence parents' perceptions of product healthfulness. Parents were also shown hypothetical NSS FOPLs and asked for feedback. PARTICIPANTS: /Setting: Nine FGDs were conducted virtually with U.S. parents (n=66) of children 2-12 years old in April 2024. ANALYSES PERFORMED: FGDs were transcribed verbatim and coded independently by two coders, after which, themes were identified using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS: Overarching themes were: parents try to limit their child's sugar intake and avoid providing products with artificial ingredients; parents had mixed views about the safety and healthfulness of NSS; parents perceived a NSS FOPL favorably, but do not like the term "diet sweeteners;" and parents preferred a NSS FOPL that uses visual aids and communicates a recommendation. CONCLUSIONS: Despite having mixed perceptions about the safety and healthfulness of NSS for children, parents perceived NSS FOPLs as helpful for making informed beverage choices for their children. Future research examining effects of NSS FOPLs on parents' product selections is needed to inform FOPL policies and increase transparency regarding the presence of NSS in products consumed by children.

Department

Exercise and Nutrition Sciences

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