ILAE neuroimaging task force highlight: Tuberous sclerosis complex-related epilepsy

Xiao Chen, Department of Neurology and Epilepsy Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
John Archer, Department of Neurology, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Boris C. Bernhardt, Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Lorenzo Caciagli, Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
Fernando Cendes, Department of Neurology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Yotin Chinvarun, Epilepsy Unit, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.
Luis Concha, Institute of Neurobiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
Paolo Federico, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
William D. Gaillard, Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Hospital, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
Eliane Kobayashi, Department of Neurology and Peter O'Donnell Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Godwin Ogbole, Department of Radiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Stefan Rampp, Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
Anna Elisabetta Vaudano, Neurophysiology Unit and Epilepsy Center, AOU Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
Z Irene Wang, Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Gavin P. Winston, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Shuang Wang, Department of Neurology and Epilepsy Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Document Type

Journal Article

Publication Date

8-18-2025

Journal

Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape

DOI

10.1002/epd2.70087

Keywords

epilepsy; neuroimaging; tuberous sclerosis complex

Abstract

The ILAE Neuroimaging Task Force publishes educational case reports that highlight basic aspects of neuroimaging in epilepsy consistent with the ILAE's educational mission. Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare, complex, and multisystem autosomal dominant genetic disorder that arises from variations in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes. While characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations, TSC commonly presents with epilepsy, which is a clinically challenging feature of the condition. Neuroimaging plays a pivotal role in the early diagnosis, screening, and long-term monitoring of TSC patients. CT serves as the first-line imaging tool in emergency settings; yet MRI is the primary diagnostic modality for TSC. In this report, we present two patients with TSC-related epilepsy and analyze their neuroimaging findings. We also address the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges faced by TSC patients with epilepsy.

Department

Neurology

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