First myocardial infarction: risk factors, symptoms, and medical therapy

Nick S. Nurmohamed, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Quyen Ngo-Metzger, Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Pam R. Taub, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
Kausik K. Ray, Imperial Centre for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
Gemma A. Figtree, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
Marc P. Bonaca, Department of Medicine, Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
Judith A. Hsia, Department of Medicine, Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
Santosh Angadageri, Data Analytics & Insights, Clarivate Analytics US LLC, Toronto, ON, Canada.
James P. Earls, Cleerly Inc., Denver, CO, USA.
Fatima Rodriguez, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Alexander T. Sandhu, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
James K. Min, Cleerly Inc., Denver, CO, USA.
Udo Hoffmann, Cleerly Inc., Denver, CO, USA.
David J. Maron, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Deepak L. Bhatt, Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA.

Document Type

Journal Article

Publication Date

7-3-2025

Journal

European heart journal

DOI

10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf390

Keywords

Acute coronary syndromes; Myocardial infarction; Prevention; Real-world data; Standard modifiable risk factors

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Despite the implementation of clinical risk algorithms based on traditional risk factors, the global burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease has continued to rise over the past decades. There are few real-world data on prevalence of both symptoms and risk factors prior to myocardial infarction (MI). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of documented coronary artery disease risk factors, documented symptoms, physician visits, and preventive therapy uptake prior to first MI. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, US patients ≥18 years with a first MI [International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) definition] between 1 January 2017 and 30 September 2022 were included from the Clarivate Real-World Data Product that links electronic health records, medical claims, and pharmacy claims from 98% of government and commercial health insurance plans in the US. Prevalence of previously ICD-10 documented cardiac symptoms and standard modifiable risk factors (SMuRFs), physician visits, and use of preventive medical therapy were assessed prior to MI. RESULTS: The study identified 4 657 412 patients with a first MI (2017-2022), with a median age of 70 years; 42.3% were women. Prior to MI, 50.5% of patients had no documented symptoms, 18.0% had no SMuRFs, 22.2% did not have documented physician visits, and 63.4% were not prescribed any preventive therapy. Individuals ≤60 years and men were less likely to have documented symptoms and SMuRFs, had lower frequency of primary care physician visits, used less preventive therapy, and had more frequent occurrence of ST-elevation MI than individuals >60 years and women, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In a large real-world dataset, half of the patients with first MI did not have documented antecedent symptoms, and approximately 1 in 5 had no previously identified SMuRFs. The majority of those who visited a physician prior to the MI with identified SMuRFs and symptoms were not using any preventive medical therapy. These findings highlight an urgent unmet need for improved tools to identify patients at risk of MI who may benefit from preventive therapy.

Department

School of Medicine and Health Sciences Student Works

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