Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome: A Case-Based Narrative Review

Authors

Aamir Javaid, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
Essa Hariri, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
Bige Ozkan, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
Katherine Lang, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
Sadiya S. Khan, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
Janani Rangaswami, Division of Nephrology, Washington DC VA Medical Center.
Neil J. Stone, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
Roger S. Blumenthal, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
Chiadi E. Ndumele, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.

Document Type

Journal Article

Publication Date

6-1-2025

Journal

American journal of medicine open

Volume

13

DOI

10.1016/j.ajmo.2025.100089

Keywords

Cardiology; Nephrology; Prevention

Abstract

These 4 hypothetical cases highlight new features of the American Heart Association cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) health construct. The cases incorporate the CKM staging system, estimates from the PREVENT risk calculator, and clinical approaches related to CKM stages and individual risk profiles. Topics include management considerations for (1) a patient with stage 1 obesity and impaired glucose tolerance, (2) a patient with metabolic risk factors and moderate-risk chronic kidney disease (CKD), (3) a patient with subclinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and multiple comorbid conditions, and (4) a patient with metabolic risk factors, prior myocardial infarction, new-onset heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and CKD.

APA Citation

Javaid, Aamir; Hariri, Essa; Ozkan, Bige; Lang, Katherine; Khan, Sadiya S.; Rangaswami, Janani; Stone, Neil J.; Blumenthal, Roger S.; and Ndumele, Chiadi E., "Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome: A Case-Based Narrative Review" (2025). GW Authored Works. Paper 7506.
https://hsrc.himmelfarb.gwu.edu/gwhpubs/7506

Department

Medicine