Population Pharmacokinetics and Dose Optimization of Piperacillin in Infants and Children with Pneumonia

Document Type

Journal Article

Publication Date

1-1-2025

Journal

Paediatric drugs

Volume

27

Issue

1

DOI

10.1007/s40272-024-00664-4

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the piperacillin disposition and optimize the dosing regimens for infants and children with pneumonia. METHODS: An opportunistic sampling strategy was used in this pharmacokinetic study. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to measure the concentrations of piperacillin in plasma samples. A population pharmacokinetic model was conducted using NONMEM. RESULTS: The pharmacokinetic data of 90 samples from 64 infants and children with pneumonia (age range: 0.09-1.72 years for infants and 2.12-11.10 years for children) were available. A two-compartment model with first-order elimination was the most suitable model to describe the population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin. A covariate analysis indicated that body weight and age were significant factors affecting clearance. Monte Carlo simulations showed that a 50-mg/kg every 8 h or every 12 h dosing regimen results in underdosing. Results both in infants and children showed that an extended infusion (3 h) of various dosing regimens (80, 100, or 130 mg/kg) three times daily or a 300-mg/kg continuous infusion can reach a therapeutic level based on the chosen target for the probability of target attainment threshold of 70%, 80%, and 90% at minimum inhibitory concentration breakpoints of 8 mg/L and 16 mg/L. CONCLUSIONS: A population pharmacokinetic model was obtained to evaluate the disposition of piperacillin, and the optimal dosing regimens were provided for use in infants and children with pneumonia.

Department

Pediatrics

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