Effects of DASH diet with or without time-restricted eating in the management of stage 1 primary hypertension: a randomized controlled trial

Xiaoxin Zhou, Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Xiaoqian Lin, Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Jing Yu, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Yi Yang, Department of Logistics Management Division, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Hira Muzammel, Translational CardioVascular Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, UR 3074, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
Said Amissi, Translational CardioVascular Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, UR 3074, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
Valérie B. Schini-Kerth, Translational CardioVascular Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, UR 3074, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
Xun Lei, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Pedro A. Jose, Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
Jian Yang, Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. jianyang@hospital.cqmu.edu.cn.
Dan Shi, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. danshi@cqmu.edu.cn.

Document Type

Journal Article

Publication Date

6-17-2024

Journal

Nutrition journal

Volume

23

Issue

1

DOI

10.1186/s12937-024-00967-9

Keywords

Blood pressure; Primary hypertension; Time-restricted eating; Urinary Na+ excretion

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Time-restricted eating (TRE), a popular form of intermittent fasting, has shown benefits for improving metabolic diseases and cardiometabolic health. However, the effect of TRE in the regulation of blood pressure in primary hypertension remains unclear. METHODS: A 6-week randomized controlled trial was conducted, in which a total of 74 stage 1 primary hypertensive patients without high-risk were randomly assigned to Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) group (n = 37) or DASH + TRE group (n = 37). Participants in the DASH + TRE group were instructed to consume their food within an 8-h window. Scientific research platform in We Chat application was used to track participants. The primary outcome was blood pressure. The secondary outcomes included body composition, cardiometabolic risk factors, inflammation-related parameters, urinary Na excretion, other clinical variables and safety outcomes. RESULTS: The reduction of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were 5.595 ± 4.072 and 5.351 ± 5.643 mm Hg in the DASH group and 8.459 ± 4.260 and 9.459 ± 4.375 mm Hg in the DASH + TRE group. DASH + TRE group improved blood pressure diurnal rhythm. Subjects in DASH + TRE group had decreased extracellular water and increased urinary Na excretion. Furthermore, the decrease in blood pressure was associated with a reduction of extracellular water or increase in urinary Na excretion. In addition, safety outcomes such as nighttime hunger were also reported. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that 8-h TRE + DASH diet caused a greater decrease in blood pressure in stage 1 primary hypertensive patients than DASH diet. This study may provide novel insights into the benefits of lifestyle modification in the treatment of primary hypertension. TRIAL REGISTRATION: https://www.chictr.org.cn/ (ChiCTR2300069393, registered on March 15, 2023).

Department

Medicine

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