Mortality in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE)

Authors

Mary Ann Banerji, Division of Endocrinology and Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Kings County Hospital Center, Brooklyn, NY.
John B. Buse, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC.
Naji Younes, The Biostatistics Center, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Rockville, MD.
Heidi Krause-Steinrauf, The Biostatistics Center, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Rockville, MD.
Adline Ghazi, MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville and Baltimore, MD.
Melissa Lee, Division of Endocrinology and Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Kings County Hospital Center, Brooklyn, NY.
Jean Park, MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville and Baltimore, MD.
Rodica Pop-Busui, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Chantal Underkofler, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO.
Stephen P. Fortmann, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR.

Document Type

Journal Article

Publication Date

4-1-2024

Journal

Diabetes care

Volume

47

Issue

4

DOI

10.2337/dc23-1356

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: We report mortality outcomes in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE) among people with type 2 diabetes diagnosed within 10 years and no recent history of cardiovascular events or cancer. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Overall mortality rates and major causes of death were assessed over an average of 5 years of follow-up. Cause of death was adjudicated centrally by a committee masked to treatment assignment. We examined baseline covariates and the 10-year Framingham Risk Score for associations. RESULTS: Mortality rate was low (0.59 per 100 participant-years). Participants who died during follow-up were likely to be older, be male, have a history of hypertension, have a history of smoking, and have moderate albuminuria. The two most common underlying causes of death were "cardiovascular-cause" (a composite of underlying causes) (38.6%) and cancer (26.8%). There were no differences by treatment group. CONCLUSIONS: Among people with diabetes of relatively short duration, cause of death was varied. Attention to health risks beyond cardiovascular diseases is warranted.

APA Citation

Banerji, Mary Ann; Buse, John B.; Younes, Naji; Krause-Steinrauf, Heidi; Ghazi, Adline; Lee, Melissa; Park, Jean; Pop-Busui, Rodica; Underkofler, Chantal; and Fortmann, Stephen P., "Mortality in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE)" (2024). GW Authored Works. Paper 4833.
https://hsrc.himmelfarb.gwu.edu/gwhpubs/4833

Department

Biostatistics and Bioinformatics