Dietary intakes of community-dwelling adults in the United States across older adulthood: NHANES 2015-March 2020

Authors

M Kyla Shea, Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington St, Boston MA. Electronic address: kyla.shea@tufts.edu.
Kathryn Barger, Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington St, Boston MA.
Gail T. Rogers, Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington St, Boston MA.
Sameera A. Talegawkar, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, the George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia.
Heather A. Eicher-Miller, Department of Nutrition Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
Sarah L. Booth, Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington St, Boston MA.

Document Type

Journal Article

Publication Date

12-13-2023

Journal

The Journal of nutrition

DOI

10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.12.014

Keywords

Healthy Eating Index; NHANES; United States; aging; diet quality; dietary intake; older adults

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Dietary guidance is set based on age and life stage and defines older adults as ≥ 60 years. Yet, little is known about if and/or how diet quality differs beyond age 60. OBJECTIVE: To compare the dietary intakes of 60-69 (n=2079), 70-79 (n=1181), and 80+ year-old (n=644) non-institutionalized men and women in the United States using the Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI) and the What We Eat in America food categories. METHODS: Data were obtained from NHANES 2015-2016 and 2017-March 2020. HEI and component scores were calculated using the population ratio method. Population estimates for dietary intake were calculated as the average reported over two separate non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls. RESULTS: In men and women, the reported energy intake was lower among the 80+ year olds (kilocalories/day men: 80+: 1884±30, 70-79: 2022±33, 60-69: 2142±39; women 80+: 1523±36; 70-79: 1525±33, 60-69: 1650±25; p-trend<0.001). Total HEI scores did not differ significantly across the three age categories, but the 80+ year-olds had significantly lower scores for the green vegetables and beans component than the 60-69-year-olds [men: mean(95%CI) 2.0(1.5, 2.5) vs 3.4(2.6, 4.1); women: 2.3(1.8, 2.8) vs 4.4(3.7, 5.0)]. In women, the % of daily calories from protein was significantly lower in the 80+ year olds than in the 60-69 and 70-79-year-olds (12.9±0.6%, vs 17.0±0.9% and 15.6±0.6%, respectively). Protein intake did not differ significantly among the three age groups in men. The 80+ year old men and women reported consuming a significantly higher % of calories from snacks & sweets compared to the 60-69-year-olds (men: 80+: 18.1±0.8%, 60-69: 15.4±0.7%; women: 80+: 19.6±0.8%, 60-69: 15.5±0.7%). CONCLUSION: The diet of 80+ year-olds differed from that of 60-69-year-olds in some key components- including energy, snacks and sweets, protein, and green vegetables. Future research is needed to determine if there are health-related consequences to these differences.

APA Citation

Shea, M Kyla; Barger, Kathryn; Rogers, Gail T.; Talegawkar, Sameera A.; Eicher-Miller, Heather A.; and Booth, Sarah L., "Dietary intakes of community-dwelling adults in the United States across older adulthood: NHANES 2015-March 2020" (2023). GW Authored Works. Paper 3963.
https://hsrc.himmelfarb.gwu.edu/gwhpubs/3963

Department

Exercise and Nutrition Sciences