The sulfotransferase XB5850668.L is required to apportion embryonic ectodermal domains

Authors

Alexander Marchak, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Karen M. Neilson, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Himani D. Majumdar, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Kiyoshi Yamauchi, Department of Biological Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan.
Steven L. Klein, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Sally A. Moody, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.

Document Type

Journal Article

Publication Date

8-19-2023

Journal

Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists

DOI

10.1002/dvdy.648

Keywords

LOC100037047; Six1; Xenopus; neural border; neural crest; neural plate; otic vesicle; preplacodal ectoderm

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Members of the sulfotransferase superfamily (SULT) influence the activity of a wide range of hormones, neurotransmitters, metabolites and xenobiotics. However, their roles in developmental processes are not well characterized even though they are expressed during embryogenesis. We previously found in a microarray screen that Six1 up-regulates LOC100037047, which encodes XB5850668.L, an uncharacterized sulfotransferase. RESULTS: Since Six1 is required for patterning the embryonic ectoderm into its neural plate, neural crest, preplacodal and epidermal domains, we used loss- and gain-of function assays to characterize the role of XB5850668.L during this process. Knockdown of endogenous XB5850668.L resulted in the reduction of epidermal, neural crest, cranial placode and otic vesicle gene expression domains, concomitant with neural plate expansion. Increased levels had minimal effects, but infrequently expanded neural plate and neural crest gene domains, and infrequently reduced cranial placode and otic vesicle gene domains. Mutation of two key amino acids in the sulfotransferase catalytic domain required for PAPS binding and enzymatic activity tended to reduce the effects of overexpressing the wild-type protein. CONCLUSIONS: Our analyses indicates that XB5850668.L is a member of the SULT2 family that plays important roles in patterning the embryonic ectoderm. Some aspects of its influence likely depend on sulfotransferase activity.

APA Citation

Marchak, Alexander; Neilson, Karen M.; Majumdar, Himani D.; Yamauchi, Kiyoshi; Klein, Steven L.; and Moody, Sally A., "The sulfotransferase XB5850668.L is required to apportion embryonic ectodermal domains" (2023). GW Authored Works. Paper 3224.
https://hsrc.himmelfarb.gwu.edu/gwhpubs/3224

Department

Anatomy and Regenerative Biology