Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Nulliparous Participants Undergoing Labor Induction by Cervical Ripening Method

Maria Andrikopoulou, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, New York.
Elisa T. Bushman, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
Madeline M. Rice, The George Washington University Biostatistics Center, Washington, District of Columbia.
William A. Grobman, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
Uma M. Reddy, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland.
Robert M. Silver, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Yasser Y. El-Sayed, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
Dwight J. Rouse, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
George R. Saade, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
John M. Thorp, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Suneet P. Chauhan, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, Texas.
Maged M. Costantine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
Edward K. Chien, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MetroHealth Medical Center-Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
Brian M. Casey, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
Sindhu K. Srinivas, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Geeta K. Swamy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
Hyagriv N. Simhan, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Document Type

Journal Article

Publication Date

7-1-2023

Journal

American journal of perinatology

Volume

40

Issue

10

DOI

10.1055/s-0041-1732379

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate maternal and neonatal outcomes by method of cervical ripening for labor induction among low-risk nulliparous individuals. STUDY DESIGN: This is a secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized trial of labor induction at 39 weeks versus expectant management in low-risk nulliparous participants. Participants undergoing cervical ripening for labor induction in either group were included. Participants were excluded for preripening membrane rupture, abruption, chorioamnionitis, fetal demise, or cervical dilation ≥3.5 cm. Cervical ripening was defined by the initial method used: prostaglandin only (PGE; referent), Foley with concurrent prostaglandin (Foley-PGE), Foley only (Foley), and Foley with concurrent oxytocin (Foley-oxytocin). Coprimary outcomes were adverse maternal and neonatal composites. Secondary outcomes included cesarean delivery and length of labor and delivery (L&D) stay. Multivariable analysis was used to adjust for patient characteristics. RESULTS: Of 6,106 participants included in the trial, 2,376 (38.9%) met criteria for this analysis. Of these, 1,247 (52.4%) had cervical ripening with PGE, 290 (12.2%) had Foley-PGE, 385 (16.2%) had Foley, and 454 (19.1%) had Foley-oxytocin. The maternal composite outcome was similar among participants who received Foley-PGE (24.1%, adjusted relative risk [aRR] = 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.96-1.52), Foley (21.3%, aRR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.92-1.45), or Foley-oxytocin (19.4%, aRR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.83-1.29), compared with PGE (19.7%). The neonatal composite outcome was less frequent in participants who received the Foley-PGE (2.4%, aRR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.16-0.75) or Foley (3.6%, aRR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.29-0.89) but did not reach statistical significance for participants who received Foley-oxytocin (4.6%, aRR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.40-1.01) compared with PGE only (6.8%). Participants who received Foley-PGE or Foley-oxytocin had a shorter L&D stay (adjusted mean difference = -1.97 hours, 95% CI: -3.45 to -0.49 and -5.92 hours, 95% CI: -7.07 to -4.77, respectively), compared with PGE. CONCLUSION: In term low-risk nulliparous participants, Foley alone or concurrent with PGE is associated with a lower risk of adverse neonatal outcomes than with PGE alone. Length of L&D stay was the shortest with concurrent Foley-oxytocin. KEY POINTS: · Adverse maternal outcomes are similar among different methods of cervical ripening in low-risk women.. · Adverse neonatal outcomes are less frequent with use of Foley alone or in combination with PGE.. · The use of Foley alone, or in combination with other agents, appears to be beneficial..

Department

Epidemiology

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