Impaired neurocognitive functioning 3 months following diagnosis of high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A report from the Children's Oncology Group

Authors

Kristina K. Hardy, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
John A. Kairalla, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Anthony R. Gioia, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
Hannah S. Weisman, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Meera Gurung, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Robert B. Noll, University of Pittsburgh Department of Pediatrics, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Pamela S. Hinds, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Emily Hibbitts, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Wanda L. Salzer, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Michael J. Burke, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
Naomi J. Winick, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Leanne Embry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.

Document Type

Journal Article

Publication Date

7-1-2023

Journal

Pediatric blood & cancer

Volume

70

Issue

7

DOI

10.1002/pbc.30350

Keywords

acute lymphoblastic leukemia; late effects of cancer treatment; psychology

Abstract

PURPOSE: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer diagnosis. Cognitive late effects develop in 20%-40% of ALL survivors, but the course of declines is unclear. The aim of this paper is to characterize cognitive functioning, and its association with patient-reported outcomes, early in treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 483 children with high-risk ALL, aged 6-12 years at diagnosis, consented to the neurocognitive study embedded in a prospective therapeutic trial, Children's Oncology Group (COG) AALL1131. A computerized neurocognitive battery (Cogstate) was administered 3 months post diagnosis assessing reaction time, visual attention, working memory, visual learning, and executive functioning. Parent-reported executive functioning and patient-reported physical symptoms were also collected. RESULTS: Data from 390 participants (mean age at diagnosis = 9.2 years, 55.4% male) were obtained. Relatively few patients reported pain (16.0%) or nausea (22.6%), but a majority (68.5%) reported feeling at least some fatigue at testing. Mean Cogstate Z-scores were within normal limits across tasks; however, rates of impairment (Z-scores ≤ -1.5) for reaction time, working memory, visual learning, and visual attention were all higher than expected compared to the standardization sample. Patients reporting fatigue were significantly more likely to have impaired reaction time and visual attention compared to those reporting no fatigue. CONCLUSION: Findings support feasibility of computerized cognitive assessments and suggest higher-than-expected rates of impaired cognitive performance early during treatment for pediatric ALL, notably within 3 months of diagnosis, suggesting intervention efforts may be indicated. These results also highlight acute factors that may impact reliability of "baseline" assessments conducted soon after diagnosis.

APA Citation

Hardy, Kristina K.; Kairalla, John A.; Gioia, Anthony R.; Weisman, Hannah S.; Gurung, Meera; Noll, Robert B.; Hinds, Pamela S.; Hibbitts, Emily; Salzer, Wanda L.; Burke, Michael J.; Winick, Naomi J.; and Embry, Leanne, "Impaired neurocognitive functioning 3 months following diagnosis of high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A report from the Children's Oncology Group" (2023). GW Authored Works. Paper 3159.
https://hsrc.himmelfarb.gwu.edu/gwhpubs/3159

Department

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences