Inequitable Exposures to U.S. Coal Power Plant-Related : 22 Years and Counting

Authors

Lucas R. Henneman, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Infrastructure Engineering; George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA.
Munshi Md Rasel, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Infrastructure Engineering; George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA.
Christine Choirat, Swiss Data Science Center, ETH Zürich and EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Susan C. Anenberg, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Corwin Zigler, Department of Statistics and Data Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, USA.

Document Type

Journal Article

Publication Date

3-1-2023

Journal

Environmental health perspectives

Volume

131

Issue

3

DOI

10.1289/EHP11605

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Emissions from coal power plants have decreased over recent decades due to regulations and economics affecting costs of providing electricity generated by coal vis-à-vis its alternatives. These changes have improved regional air quality, but questions remain about whether benefits have accrued equitably across population groups. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to quantify nationwide long-term changes in exposure to particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter () associated with coal power plant emissions. We linked exposure reductions with three specific actions taken at individual power plants: scrubber installations, reduced operations, and retirements. We assessed how emissions changes in different locations have influenced exposure inequities, extending previous source-specific environmental justice analyses by accounting for location-specific differences in racial/ethnic population distributions. METHODS: We developed a data set of annual source impacts ("coal ") associated with emissions at each of 1,237 U.S. coal-fired power plants across 1999-2020. We linked population-weighted exposure with information about each coal unit's operational and emissions-control status. We calculate changes in both relative and absolute exposure differences across demographic groups. RESULTS: Nationwide population-weighted coal declined from in 1999 to in 2020. Between 2007 and 2010, most of the exposure reduction is attributable to scrubber installations, and after 2010 most of the decrease is attributable to retirements. Black populations in the South and North Central United States and Native American populations in the western United States were inequitably exposed early in the study period. Although inequities decreased with falling emissions, facilities in states across the North Central United States continue to inequitably expose Black populations, and Native populations are inequitably exposed to emissions from facilities in the West. DISCUSSION: We show that air quality controls, operational adjustments, and retirements since 1999 led to reduced exposure to coal power plant related . Reduced exposure improved equity overall, but some populations continue to be inequitably exposed to associated with facilities in the North Central and western United States. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11605.

APA Citation

Henneman, Lucas R.; Rasel, Munshi Md; Choirat, Christine; Anenberg, Susan C.; and Zigler, Corwin, "Inequitable Exposures to U.S. Coal Power Plant-Related : 22 Years and Counting" (2023). GW Authored Works. Paper 2638.
https://hsrc.himmelfarb.gwu.edu/gwhpubs/2638

Department

Environmental and Occupational Health