Dietary patterns and predicted 10-year cardiovascular disease risk in a multiethnic Asian population

Authors

Yu Qi Lee, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 117549, Singapore. Electronic address: ephlyq@nus.edu.sg.
Clare Whitton, School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, 6102, Australia.
Nithya Neelakantan, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 117549, Singapore.
Rob M. van Dam, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 117549, Singapore; Department of Nutrition and Exercise Sciences and Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington DC, 20052, USA.
Mary Foong-Fong Chong, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 117549, Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A∗STAR), 117609, Singapore.

Document Type

Journal Article

Publication Date

9-1-2022

Journal

Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD

Volume

32

Issue

9

DOI

10.1016/j.numecd.2022.06.014

Keywords

Adults; Asian; Cardiovascular risk; Dietary patterns; Framingham scores

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Studies examining associations between dietary patterns and Framingham risk score (FRS) and predicted 10-year cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk in an Asian population are lacking. This study aimed to identify a posteriori dietary patterns across three major ethnic groups in Singapore and ascertain their associations with locally modified FRS and predicted 10-year CVD risk. METHODS AND RESULTS: This cross-sectional study included 8594 Singapore residents (aged 21-75 years) from the Singapore Multi-Ethnic Cohort. Data on sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were collected via questionnaires. Food consumption was assessed using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire. Dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis and associations with CVD risk factors, FRS and predicted CVD risk (%) were analysed using multiple linear and logistic regression. Four dietary patterns emerged that explained 25.6% of variance. The 'processed food and sugar-sweetened beverages' pattern was significantly associated with higher FRS (β: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.23), while the 'ethnic breads, legumes and nuts' (β: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.22, -0.04) and 'whole grains, fruit and dairy' (β: 0.17; 95% CI: 0.24, -0.10) patterns were significantly associated with lower FRS. The 'meat and vegetables' pattern was not significantly associated with FRS. Increased adherence to the 'whole grains, fruit and dairy' pattern was associated with lower odds of having predicted CVD risk of ≥10% (p-trend: 0.03). CONCLUSION: Adherence to the 'ethnic breads, legumes and nuts' and 'whole grains, fruit and dairy' patterns was associated with a lower predicted CVD risk, and an inverse association for the 'processed food and sugar-sweetened beverages' pattern in an Asian population. These findings can inform the development of culturally sensitive dietary interventions to prevent CVD.

APA Citation

Lee, Yu Qi; Whitton, Clare; Neelakantan, Nithya; van Dam, Rob M.; and Chong, Mary Foong-Fong, "Dietary patterns and predicted 10-year cardiovascular disease risk in a multiethnic Asian population" (2022). GW Authored Works. Paper 1710.
https://hsrc.himmelfarb.gwu.edu/gwhpubs/1710

Department

Exercise and Nutrition Sciences