Document Type
Journal Article
Publication Date
10-2014
Journal
Journal of the American Heart Association
Volume
3
Issue
5
Inclusive Pages
Article number e001035
DOI
10.1161/JAHA.114.001035
Keywords
Cardiovascular Diseases--diagnosis; Cardiovascular Diseases--epidemiology; HIV Infections--diagnosis; HIV Infections--epidemiology
Abstract
Background HIV infection is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in men. Whether HIV is an independent risk factor for CVD in women has not yet been established.
Methods and Results We analyzed data from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study on 2187 women (32% HIV infected [HIV+]) who were free of CVD at baseline. Participants were followed from their first clinical encounter on or after April 01, 2003 until a CVD event, death, or the last follow‐up date (December 31, 2009). The primary outcome was CVD (acute myocardial infarction [AMI], unstable angina, ischemic stroke, and heart failure). CVD events were defined using clinical data, International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes, and/or death certificate data. We used Cox proportional hazards models to assess the association between HIV and incident CVD, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, lipids, smoking, blood pressure, diabetes, renal disease, obesity, hepatitis C, and substance use/abuse. Median follow‐up time was 6.0 years. Mean age at baseline of HIV+ and HIV uninfected (HIV−) women was 44.0 versus 43.2 years (PP=0.11). There were 86 incident CVD events (53%, HIV+): AMI, 13%; unstable angina, 8%; ischemic stroke, 22%; and heart failure, 57%. Incident CVD/1000 person‐years was significantly higher among HIV+ (13.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]=10.1, 18.1) than HIV−women (5.3; 95% CI=3.9, 7.3; P+ women had an increased risk of CVD, compared to HIV− (hazard ratio=2.8; 95% CI=1.7, 4.6; P<0.001).
Conclusions HIV is associated with an increased risk of CVD in women.
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 License
APA Citation
Womack, J.A., Chang, C.H., So-Armah, K.A., Alcorn, C., Baker, J.V. et al. (2014). HIV and Cardiovascular Disease in Women, 3(5), e001035.
Peer Reviewed
1
Open Access
1
Comments
Reproduced with permission of Journal of the American Heart Association.