Association between Induction Start Time and Labor Duration in Nulliparous Women Undergoing Elective Induction of Labor

Authors

Francesca L. Facco, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Cora MacPherson, The George Washington University Biostatistics Center, Washington, District of Columbia.
Uma M. Reddy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland.
Alan T. Tita, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
Robert M. Silver, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Yasser Y. El-Sayed, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
Ronald J. Wapner, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, New York.
Dwight J. Rouse, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
George R. Saade, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
John M. Thorp, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Suneet P. Chauhan, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, Texas.
Maged M. Costantine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
Edward K. Chien, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
Kent D. Heyborne, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado.
Sindhu K. Srinivas, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Geeta K. Swamy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
William A. Grobman, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.

Document Type

Journal Article

Publication Date

4-16-2025

Journal

American journal of perinatology

DOI

10.1055/a-2547-4196

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the association between elective induction of labor (EIOL) start time and labor duration among nulliparous women.The ARRIVE trial was a multicenter randomized controlled trial of induction of labor at 39 to 39 weeks versus expectant management in low-risk nulliparous women. In this secondary analysis, we included participants randomized to the induction group who had an EIOL without spontaneous labor or rupture of membranes prior to the induction start. The start time of EIOL was categorized as: early a.m. (midnight to 5:59 a.m.), late AM (6 AM-11:59 a.m.), early p.m. (noon-5:59 p.m.), or late p.m. (6 p.m.-11:59 p.m.). The primary outcome was labor duration. Cesarean delivery rates by induction start time were also examined. Multivariable analysis was conducted controlling for age, body mass index, insurance status, and modified Bishop score on admission (<5 or ≥5).Of 3,062 women randomized to EIOL, 2,197 were included in this analysis. EIOL occurred in the early a.m. in 13%, in late a.m. in 28%, in early p.m. in 13%, and in late p.m. in 45%. Participants induced in the late a.m. had the shortest mean labor durations (21.5 ± 11.3 hours) and the highest frequency of delivery at < 24 hours (68%). In adjusted analyses, induction in the late a.m. (vs. grouped other time periods) remained significantly associated with shorter labor duration (-1.5 hours; confidence interval: -2.5 and -0.4; p = 0.006), and there was no interaction between Bishop score and time of EIOL. Cesarean delivery rates did not differ by start time.Induction of labor starting between 6 a.m. and 11:59 a.m. was associated with shorter labor durations, independent of baseline maternal characteristics including cervical status on admission. · Women were associated with shorter labor durations. · Cesarean delivery rates did not differ by EIOL start time.. · Differences in labor management by time of day may in part explain these findings..

APA Citation

Facco, Francesca L.; MacPherson, Cora; Reddy, Uma M.; Tita, Alan T.; Silver, Robert M.; El-Sayed, Yasser Y.; Wapner, Ronald J.; Rouse, Dwight J.; Saade, George R.; Thorp, John M.; Chauhan, Suneet P.; Costantine, Maged M.; Chien, Edward K.; Heyborne, Kent D.; Srinivas, Sindhu K.; Swamy, Geeta K.; and Grobman, William A., "Association between Induction Start Time and Labor Duration in Nulliparous Women Undergoing Elective Induction of Labor" (2025). GW Authored Works. Paper 7043.
https://hsrc.himmelfarb.gwu.edu/gwhpubs/7043

Department

Epidemiology