North American Contact Dermatitis Group Patch Test Results: 2021-2022

Marie-Claude Houle, From the Division of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada.
Joel G. DeKoven, Division of Dermatology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Amber Reck Atwater, Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Margo J. Reeder, Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Erin M. Warshaw, Department of Dermatology, Park Nicollet/Health Partners Health Services, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Melanie D. Pratt, Division of Dermatology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
Donald V. Belsito, Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Brandon L. Adler, Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Jonathan Silverberg, Department of Dermatology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
JiaDe Yu, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Nina Botto, Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Christen M. Mowad, Division of Dermatology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA.
Cory A. Dunnick, Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
James S. Taylor, Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

Document Type

Journal Article

Publication Date

4-24-2025

Journal

Dermatitis : contact, atopic, occupational, drug

DOI

10.1089/derm.2024.0474

Abstract

Patch testing is an important diagnostic tool for the assessment of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). This study documents the North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) patch testing results from 2021 to 2022. At 12 centers in North America, patients were tested in a standardized manner with a screening series of 80 allergens. Overall, 3056 patients were tested; 2200 (72.0%) had at least 1 positive/allergic patch test reaction and 1412 patients (46.6%) had a primary diagnosis of ACD. The most commonly positive allergens were nickel sulfate hexahydrate 5% and 2.5% petrolatum (24.9% and 22.1%, respectively), methylisothiazolinone (MI) (11.5%), hydroperoxides of linalool (10.1%), cobalt chloride hexahydrate (9.2%), and methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (9.0%). Compared with 2019-2020, prevalence of the top 20 allergens statistically increased for nickel (P < 0.001), cobalt (P < 0.01), gold (P < 0.001), hydroperoxides of limonene (P < 0.001), oleamidopropyl dimethylamine (P < 0.01), dimethylaminopropylamine (P < 0.01), and ammonium persulfate (P < 0.001). MI positivity continued to decrease from its peak in 2017-2018. More than one-fifth of patients (n = 640, 21.1%) had at least one clinically relevant reaction to an allergen/substance not present in the NACDG screening series. The epidemic of MI contact allergy in North America appears to continue its descent. Fragrance allergy is still very common, but the composition of fragrance allergy markers appears to be changing. Patch testing using a robust screening series, and supplemental allergens as indicated, is necessary for the comprehensive evaluation of ACD.

Department

Dermatology

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