Fractional Flow Reserve Relates Stronger to Coronary Plaque Burden Than Nonhyperemic Pressure Indexes

Authors

Ruurt A. Jukema, Department of Cardiology Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands.
Jorge Dahdal, Department of Cardiology Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands.
Nick S. Nurmohamed, Department of Cardiology Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands.
Pieter G. Raijmakers, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands.
Jos Twisk, Epidemiology and Data Science Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands.
Pepijn A. van Diemen, Department of Cardiology Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands.
R Nils Planken, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Amsterdam University Medical Center location UvA Amsterdam the Netherlands.
G Aernout Somsen, Cardiology Centers of the Netherlands Amsterdam the Netherlands.
Niels J. Verouden, Department of Cardiology Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands.
Guus A. de Waard, Department of Cardiology Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen the Netherlands.
Paul Knaapen, Department of Cardiology Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands.
Ibrahim Danad, Department of Cardiology Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands.
Roel Driessen, Department of Cardiology Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands.

Document Type

Journal Article

Publication Date

2-19-2025

Journal

Journal of the American Heart Association

DOI

10.1161/JAHA.124.039324

Keywords

computed coronary tomography angiography; fractional flow reserve; high‐risk plaque; instantaneous wave‐free ratio; percentage atheroma volume; resting distal pressure/arterial pressure; resting full‐cycle ratio

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The relationship between fractional flow reserve (FFR), resting full-cycle ratio (RFR), instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR), resting distal pressure/aortic pressure (Pd/Pa), and plaque burden as well as phenotype requires further elucidation. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this single-center cohort study, patients with suspected coronary artery disease who underwent invasive coronary angiography, including routine hyperemic (FFR) and nonhyperemic invasive pressure (Pd/Pa and iFR or RFR) interrogation and computed coronary tomography angiography were prospectively enrolled. Computed coronary tomography angiography was used to assess percentage atheroma volume (PAV), positive remodeling, and low-attenuation plaque. UNLABELLED: Among 241 patients with 556 vessels, FFR correlated stronger to PAV compared with Pd/Pa (r=-0.56; versus r=-0.43; P<0.01) and iFR/RFR (r=-0.47; P=0.04). Vessels with FFR and Pd/Pa discordancy showed higher PAV in case of abnormal FFR (34% versus 14%; P<0.01), whereas vessels with FFR and iFR/RFR discordancy showed similar PAV levels. FFR and iFR/RFR, but not Pd/Pa, were independently associated with the presence of low-attenuation plaque (β, -0.03, P<0.01; β, -0.03, P=0.01; and β, -0.02, P=0.10, respectively). None of the invasive pressure measurements was independently associated with positive remodeling. Pressure index discordancy was not associated with positive remodeling or low-attenuation plaque. CONCLUSIONS: FFR correlated stronger to plaque burden, as defined by PAV, than nonhyperemic pressure indexes. For plaque phenotype, both FFR and iFR/RFR were independently associated with low-attenuation plaque, whereas none of the invasive pressure indexes was associated with positive remodeling.

Department

School of Medicine and Health Sciences Resident Works

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